Ma Practice Question Essay Example

Globalization in the Cultural Area Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Globalization in the Cultural Area - Assignment Example The image makes one face from a fourth of four faces each. The four faces have a place with individuals from various societies, ethnicities, races, and sexual orientations. The four individuals can be speculated to have a place with some Arab nation, some African nation, some Asian nation, and some European nation. The image is differing on numerous levels, and not simply culture or ethnicity. For instance, one of the two base faces is of some as far as anyone knows uneducated, unskilled, and poor African man though the other face can be of a British man in military. The image shows how, in the current age, individuals from various societies have consolidated to satisfy each other’s needs. The unification of the four appearances mirrors a typical and shared focal point of the various societies. The way that one face structures from four distinct countenances is reminiscent of the way that various societies strengthen one another and join to shape the contemporary

The Personal Essay for Women of Color Confessionalists

The Personal Essay for Women of Color Confessionalists The post youre reading is part of Book Riots observance of #BlackOutDay. We are turning our attention fully to issues facing black authors and readers with help from the folks at #BlackoutDay  and  #WeNeedDiverseBooks. Book Riot is grateful to have a platform to celebrate diversity and critically examine the book world every day, but today we have turned the reins over to our black contributors and guest contributors all working towards social justice and good books. Enjoy! ____________________ Last monday,  Slates Laura Bennett wrote a story about the first-person industrial complex. To summarize it, the market is being flooded with violent, gritty personal essays at the expense of a writers career and editors arent being as sensitive to the repercussions once a piece goes live. There seems to be this pressure to produce, produce, produce. Every part of a writers life should be quantifiable in value but only the parts when someone or something is being damaged.  From a business standpoint, a reader would more likely click on a story about a sexual assault rather than one about finding ones self by walking through parks. More clicks equal more views which leads to more money. The cycle continues. As an essayist myself, I recognize this conflict all too well. Im hesitant to submit pitches to editors of national publications because my stories dont seem graphic or harrowing enough and as such, I devalue the beauty in the little things, the trivial and serendipitous events sprinkled throughout my life. On the flipside, when big things do in fact happen to me, I often wonder, Can I pitch this? as if every  happening needs to be shrunken into 800-1000 words and written off with an invoice. The short answer is that no, not everything needs to be pitched. However, as a writer its easy to be afraid that a missed opportunity may be a slippery slope straight down to irrelevance. Naturally, the Twitter was buzzing with conversation about this piece. Many women of color writers like myself wanted to magnify the other layer of the personal essay writing business that Bennett neglected. The truth of the matter is that many women of color write personal essays because they arent getting enough opportunities to do interviews, reported features, or longform. As a matter of fact, I dare you to go to the front page of any online publication and point the number of women of color writers doing this type of journalistic writing. Youll see that the numbers pale in comparison to their white counterparts. Writer Ashley Ford commenting on this discrepancy: I want more WOC writers being offered the chance to do reported, profiles, interviews longform. Many are relegated to first person essays. Ashley C. Ford (@iSmashFizzle) September 14, 2015 What cannot be ignored is what the art of the personal essay has done for women of color writers, or shall I say, confessionalists. For the most part, many of us have been trained to invoke the voices of dead white writers. Now, we have the opportunity to recognize and examine our own voices through our lens at our own individual paces. And that, I believe, is a beautiful thing to  witness through my laptop screen. I fell into freelance writing last year after I saw a proliferation of young, black female voices on Twitter. When I saw how they wrote with such candor and fearlessness, I thought that perhaps I could do it tooand I did. Confessional writing has been around for ages. St. Augustines Confessions is one of the earliest examples. There is this interplay between religion and literature when we conceptualize the confession. In the Catholic faith, adherents confess their sins to a Priest through a grid or lattice for anonymitys sake. For confessional writing, however, the I is pushed to the forefront. But there may not be any undertones of guilt or shame and if there are, it only solidifies the authors self-awareness and sincerity to his or her readers. I understand what Bennet was arguing, though. Perhaps some essays shouldnt be published. I admit that I scratch my head at some gross essays and wonder what was the point of them. There was no introspection, no revelation, just a recounting of a bizarre event with no reassessment. However, my standpoint becomes flimsy when I consider those who live on the margins, those whose entire lives are trivialized which in turn leads to every facet of their own stories being especially unique. The personal essay demands that a woman of color writer dig as far as she can inside of her experiences in order to excavate something that she once thought that she could never put into the words. The art form forces her to see herself as complex as the world in which she exists. When she rethinks what an experience meant to her and her alone, she inevitably centers herself, a  right that she was never afforded. The confession takes on new meaning when we consider the artist. Perhaps the personal essay seems tired because there are innumerable white writers discussing all the intricacies of their lives. But as for women of color writers, this cultural moment is very special. Although we should not be pigeonholed into writing personal essays, it is a good thing. This is an industrial complex which we are not necessarily the pure victims. Often times, we can be the benefactors. This is a reconfiguration of accessibility that Id like to see more often, so lets hope that the personal essay is gateway for women of color both far and wide. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. The Personal Essay for Women of Color Confessionalists While we at the Riot take some time off to rest and catch up on our  reading, were re-running some of our  favorite posts from the last several months. Enjoy our highlight reel, and well be back with new stuff on Monday, January 11th. This post originally ran September 21, 2015. _________________________ Last monday,  Slates Laura Bennett wrote a story about the first-person industrial complex. To summarize it, the market is being flooded with violent, gritty personal essays at the expense of a writers career and editors arent being as sensitive to the repercussions once a piece goes live. There seems to be this pressure to produce, produce, produce. Every part of a writers life should be quantifiable in value but only the parts when someone or something is being damaged.  From a business standpoint, a reader would more likely click on a story about a sexual assault rather than one about finding ones self by walking through parks. More clicks equal more views which leads to more money. The cycle continues. As an essayist myself, I recognize this conflict all too well. Im hesitant to submit pitches to editors of national publications because my stories dont seem graphic or harrowing enough and as such, I devalue the beauty in the little things, the trivial and serendipitous events sprinkled throughout my life. On the flipside, when big things do in fact happen to me, I often wonder, Can I pitch this? as if every  happening needs to be shrunken into 800-1000 words and written off with an invoice. The short answer is that no, not everything needs to be pitched. However, as a writer its easy to be afraid that a missed opportunity may be a slippery slope straight down to irrelevance. Naturally, the Twitter was buzzing with conversation about this piece. Many women of color writers like myself wanted to magnify the other layer of the personal essay writing business that Bennett neglected. The truth of the matter is that many women of color write personal essays because they arent getting enough opportunities to do interviews, reported features, or longform. As a matter of fact, I dare you to go to the front page of any online publication and point the number of women of color writers doing this type of journalistic writing. Youll see that the numbers pale in comparison to their white counterparts. Writer Ashley Ford commenting on this discrepancy: I want more WOC writers being offered the chance to do reported, profiles, interviews longform. Many are relegated to first person essays. Ashley C. Ford (@iSmashFizzle) September 14, 2015 What cannot be ignored is what the art of the personal essay has done for women of color writers, or shall I say, confessionalists. For the most part, many of us have been trained to invoke the voices of dead white writers. Now, we have the opportunity to recognize and examine our own voices through our lens at our own individual paces. And that, I believe, is a beautiful thing to  witness through my laptop screen. I fell into freelance writing last year after I saw a proliferation of young, black female voices on Twitter. When I saw how they wrote with such candor and fearlessness, I thought that perhaps I could do it tooand I did. Confessional writing has been around for ages. St. Augustines Confessions is one of the earliest examples. There is this interplay between religion and literature when we conceptualize the confession. In the Catholic faith, adherents confess their sins to a Priest through a grid or lattice for anonymitys sake. For confessional writing, however, the I is pushed to the forefront. But there may not be any undertones of guilt or shame and if there are, it only solidifies the authors self-awareness and sincerity to his or her readers. I understand what Bennet was arguing, though. Perhaps some essays shouldnt be published. I admit that I scratch my head at some gross essays and wonder what was the point of them. There was no introspection, no revelation, just a recounting of a bizarre event with no reassessment. However, my standpoint becomes flimsy when I consider those who live on the margins, those whose entire lives are trivialized which in turn leads to every facet of their own stories being especially unique. The personal essay demands that a woman of color writer dig as far as she can inside of her experiences in order to excavate something that she once thought that she could never put into the words. The art form forces her to see herself as complex as the world in which she exists. When she rethinks what an experience meant to her and her alone, she inevitably centers herself, a  right that she was never afforded. The confession takes on new meaning when we consider the artist. Perhaps the personal essay seems tired because there are innumerable white writers discussing all the intricacies of their lives. But as for women of color writers, this cultural moment is very special. Although we should not be pigeonholed into writing personal essays, it is a good thing. This is an industrial complex which we are not necessarily the pure victims. Often times, we can be the benefactors. This is a reconfiguration of accessibility that Id like to see more often, so lets hope that the personal essay is gateway for women of color both far and wide.

American With Disability Essay - 1836 Words

The American with Disabilities Act in 1990 was designed to address employment and unemployment of disabled individuals, but is intentionally unspecific for what was designated as a disability (ADA, 1990). Physical impairments are usually simple to identify, the cognitive impairments are not unless a mental expenditure is required. Living in between episodes of wellness and exacerbations of sickness reflects the incongruent appearance of normal (Vick, 2013). â€Å"But you look so normal,† is society and the workplace’s attempts to reconcile a disconcerting feeling of uneasiness and apprehension when faced with a co-worker and the immediate occurrence or reminder of the disability, whereas for the individual with the disability, â€Å"looking†¦show more content†¦The covering of nerve fibers, myelin, is destroyed in an autonomic reaction triggered by unknown factors. The loss of the myelin disrupts the nerve signals to the brain causing a failure to communic ate, an exacerbation, leaving a section of nerve fibers unable to properly conduct the electrical signals between the brain and nerve endings (Leslie, Kinyanjui, Bishop, Rumrill Jr, Roessler, 2015). These exacerbations are unpredictable and varied depending on the area of destruction but can be reduced and managed with pharmaceuticals that inhibit the immune system and by making lifestyle changes to adjust to the reduction is nerve signals. The myelin, once damaged, will not regrow, which causes episodic and unpredictable complications that reflect the nature of symptoms that threaten the logical boundaries of wellness or sickness and able or disabled. The stigma attached to the word disability is detrimental to an individual’s health in the workplace unless an understanding and supportive environment is provided (Leslie, et al., 2015). One approach based on a positivistic sociology theory is the interpretive sociological theory. This tangent of sociology recognizes that experiences and behaviors are subjective in nature and are equally important to study as the objective facts sought by quantitative research methods (Lee, 1991).Show MoreRelatedAmerican With Disability Act Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagesof Employers Under the American with Disability Act Candyce D. Watson Columbia College According to the Office of Disability Employment Office, â€Å"The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a landmark federal law that protects the rights of people with disabilities by eliminating barriers to their participation in many aspects of living and working in America. In particular, the ADA prohibits covered employers from discriminating against people with disabilities in the full range of employment-relatedRead MoreAmericans With Disability Act Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The history of the Americans with Disabilities Act began long before it was originally introduced to Congress in 1988. (Mayerson, 1992). There isn’t one person responsible for the ADA but rather thousands of Americans who have fought for the rights of people with disabilities and constantly worked to make their lives easier. People with disabilities for a long time were thought of as outsiders in society and were shunned by the majority. It wasn’t until the 1900’s when organizationsRead MoreAmericans With Disabilities Act Essay890 Words   |  4 Pages The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) states that an employer may not discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability. (US Airways, Inc. v. Barnett). A qualified individual includes, but is not limited to, an individual with a disability who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the relevant employment position. Id. â€Å"Reasonable accommodation is any change or adjustment to a job or work environment that permits a qualified applicantRead MoreThe Americans with Disability Act Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesstandards have been set forth to provide disabled people with the same opportunities to access content available on the World Wide Web, as it is most of the World’s population. The presence of medical conditions, classified as disabilities by the Americans with Disabilities Act as, â€Å"†¦a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual†¦ (2008, Sect.4), has created a demand for equality on the W. W. W. similar to demands of equality byRead MoreAmericans With Disability Act Essay882 Words   |  4 Pages The signing of the American’s with Disabilities Act (ADA) on July 26, 1990, was one of the largest gatherings for the signing of a piece of legislation in the history of the United States. It passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support. President George H.W. Bush hailed the bill as an unambiguous civil rights achievement. The ADA expands civil rights to disabled individuals similar to those provided to on the basis of race, gender, age, and religion. It is a civil rights law that prohibitsRead MoreEssay The American with Disabilities Act2290 Words   |  10 Pagestypical for a common person, who is free from disability. In my opinion, the quote â€Å"All men are created equal† serves to promote a friendly environment that helps encourage equality among people and aids to recognize the similarities rather than the differences that separates men. Even so, with this hope, the disabled community still struggles for equality. According to Legal Rights by the Nati onal Association of the Deaf (NAD), â€Å"Almost 10 percent of all American have some kind of hearing loss. These tenRead MoreAmericans With Disabilities Education Act Essay917 Words   |  4 Pagestowards people who have disabilities. Many of these laws benefit the people who need them. One of the biggest deaf laws is IDEA, but there are many others including, The Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Without these laws the deaf community wouldn’t grow and have become what it is today. These acts have been in place for years and help indulge the deaf in their magnificent world. The IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) act isRead MoreEssay on The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is one of the most significant laws in American History. Before the ADA was passed, employers were able to deny employment to a disabled worker, simply because he or she was disabled. With no other reason other than the persons physical disability, they were turned away or released from a job. The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national originRead More Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Essay757 Words   |  4 Pages Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Approximately 54 million non-institutionalized Americans have physical, intellectual, or psychiatric disabilities (Hernandez, 2000). . The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination based upon their disability (Bennett-Alexander, 2001). The protection extends to discrimination in a broad range of activities, including public services, public accommodations and employment. The ADAs ban againstRead MoreEssay on The Americans with Disabilities Act of 19902598 Words   |  11 PagesThe path to enacting the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is the history of the disability rights movement and its struggle to attain a better chance for equality not unlike other minority groups. The Disability community came to realize that the problem they were fighting was discrimination. The Disability community came face to face with some of the same problems and challenges that every individual who is in the minority faces. However, a disabled individual was not considered to be in

Cognitive Theory And Personality Development Essay

Personality Development Position CBT assumes that development is continuous throughout the lifespan. Therefore, personality is adaptable. Personality development in CBT emphasizes cognitive learning processes, such as thinking and judging. Personality is developed out of learning experiences in which cognitive constructs are formed. These cognitive constructs serve as our lens in which we view the world and our future experiences (Newman Newman, 2012). Maladapted constructs often occur in early childhood and are increasingly consolidated as the client faces new experiences; this can ultimately lead to maladaptive belief systems (Beck Dozois, 2011). These maladaptive constructs of personality, such as cognitive distortions, or unwanted reactions and/or thinking processes can be unlearned and new constructive thinking processes learned. Furthermore, Beck postulated the idea of sociotropy and autonomy playing an important role in personality development; these concepts are similar to Erikson’s developmental stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. Sociotropy is an excessive interest in social relationships and a strong need for social acceptance and autonomy is an achievement oriented interest centering on internal motivation (Merrill Strauman, 2004). Both traits are vulnerable to psychological difficulty (depression and anxiety) particularly in the event of interpersonal rejection and loss for sociotropy and personal failure in autonomy. Case Study: ClientShow MoreRelatedCognitive Theories And Development Of A Healthy Personality Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive theories tend toward development stage models because our cognitive and mental processes serves as an explanation toward how a child develops. Cognitive theories focus on the idea of nature versus nature. The way our metal processes are formed can be biological or externally influenced. Cognitive theories are used to explain how a child develops through different stages. Our brain has to form networks in order for us to develop normally. We learn the fundamental needs to survive and needRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Personality, Cognitive Development, And Infancy1096 Words   |  5 PagesAustrian doctor was one of the pioneers in studying the nature of personality, cognitive development, and infancy, and also remarked how important the first years of the individual’s life are for future development of the mentioned characteristics (Coon Mitterer, 2012). According to John W. Satrock behavior; as part of the psychoanalitic theories, is merely a surface characteristic and a true and deep understanding of development is require to analize the symbolic meaning of behavior and the deepRead MoreLearning Personality Theories1154 Words   |  5 PagesLearning Personality Theories PSY/405 August 8, 2011 Linda O Connor Learning Personality Theories Psychologists have attempted to explain personality with the development of various personality theories. Each theory varies in regard to explanations and views. Each theory of learning personality provides explanations, ideology, and dimensions. Learning personality theories focus mainly on interactions individuals have with his or her environment. Each theory believes that individuals reactRead MoreCognitive, Social And Personality Changes1011 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The persistent personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behavior in different situation are known as personality. This paper will explore the cognitive, social and personality changes that occur when a person is 24 years old. One of the major issues in cognitive development has been â€Å"nature and nurture†, i.e. if cognitive development is mainly determined by an individual’s innate qualities (â€Å"nature†), or by their personal experiences (â€Å"nurture†). First, the age isRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Theories: Expectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice In Expectancy theory we focus on the mental processes when considering choice, or choosing. It clarifies what an individual feel while making choices. In the study of organizational behavior, we can see that expectancy theory is a motivation theory, it tells us that employees who are sure in their ability to perform a particular task are motivated by their expectations of the consequencesRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesExpectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management. Expectancy theory tells us that people who are confident in their ability to perform a particular task are motivatedRead MoreTheories Of Personality : Psychodynamic, Trait Or Five Factor Model, Humanistic, And Social Cognitive974 Words   |  4 Pagesfour major theories of personality: psychodynamic, trait or five-factor model, humanistic, and social-cognitive. The psychodynamic theory primarily focuses on the role of the unconscious mind. The social cognitive theory focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior and is based on theories of learning. Whereas, the humanistic theory emphasizes conscious life experiences and choices. The trait or five-factor model focuses on characterist ics themselves and not the roots of personality. To beginRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality And Social Cognitive Theory1628 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality is defined as the characteristic ways in which a person thinks, feels and behaves. Personality makes a person who they are but it is not a distinct thing. Many theorists disagree about personality and the theories that lie within in it. The three main theories of personality are; the Trait Approach, the Humanistic Approach and the Social Cognitive Theory. The trait approach focuses on the differences and the interaction of different personality traits that create an individuals personality;Read MoreChildhood And Adolescence : Toward A Field Of Inquiry1072 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 1 Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Toward a Field of Inquiry Yongmin, S. (2008). Children s well-being during parents marital disruption process: A pooled time-series analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 472-488. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Yongmin attempted to show with this article how marriage can â€Å"change† for a married couple when their children turns the age(s) 12-17, also known as the beginning of adolescence. His research focusesRead MoreThe Generation Of Young Professionals1375 Words   |  6 Pagestotal of one-third of the total U.S. population, are the rising professionals of society today and, for better or for worse, will soon be the next up and coming leaders in our career fields. However, due to the burst of scientific and technological development that has so rapidly occurred over the past twenty years, this generation of young professionals is distinctly unique from those of the past in the sense that we are more informed, yet less relational. High exposure to instantaneous information from

It is in the early hours of Monday morning when Ho Essay Example For Students

It is in the early hours of Monday morning when Ho Essay ryelden returns Grand Central Station. He decides to sleep on one of the benches in the waiting room because he has nowhere else to go. He wakes around nine, as the hustle and bustle of the working day begins. He thinks about the night before and the incident with Mr. Antolini; he wonders if he has misinterpreted Antolinis touch. Disturbed by these though, he tries to think of something else. He reads a magazine someone has left behind. It is some kind of health magazine, however, and Holden gets more depressed, certain he has cancer and is dying. Holden decides to go out and buy himself an inexpensive breakfast. He does not want to spend too much of Phoebes money. Since his stomach is upset, he just drinks coffee. He leaves the train station and walks out to Fifth Avenue. All around him, people seem to be in the Christmas spirit, which is depressing to Holden. He begins to imagine he is disappearing, becoming invisible. He thinks the distance it takes to cross the street keeps growi ng and fears he will never reach the other side; it is like a death dream. He then begins to talk to his dead brother, asking him to help him cross the street. Each time Holden makes it across another street, he thanks Allie. After a while, Holden sits down on a bench to formulate a plan of action. He decides he will hitchhike way out west. However, he decides to meet Phoebe one last time and say good-bye. He goes to her school and delivers a note asking her to meet him in the Metropolitan Museum of Art for lunch. Since he has nothing else to do, he goes to the museum to wait. While Holden waits, he meets two young boys and helps them locate the display of Egyptian mummies. The tomb-like structure makes Holden ill, and he goes to the bathroom and faints. Once he revives, he goes out to wait for Phoebe. She is twenty minutes late, but she is no longer mad. In fact, she shows up with a suitcase, announcing her intention to go with Holden. He scolds her and tells her no, which makes he r sulk. Finally, Holden convinces her he will not leave. He takes her to the zoo, and they end up at the carousel. Holden watches as she rides the carousel over and over, bringing the action of the novel to an end. Words/ Pages : 420 / 24

Lala Lajpat Rai Essay Example

Lala Lajpat Rai Essay Ashely Newsome Period 7 Avid Mrs. McGough Lala Lajpat Rai Thesis: Lala Lajpat Rai was an all around freedom fighter for India. He wanted them to be free from British rule. He protested openly and was arrested several times, and eventually killed during a protest. He fought bravely and faithfully for what he believed in, he fought for what he thought was wrong and the ways to make it right. India for a long time had grown tired of British rule, and they wanted to run their own country. They fought hard and protested with little to no success, until one man came onto the scene, his name was Lala Lajpat Rai. His goal was to reform Indian Policy through political tactics and through his writings. Lala focused on peaceful movements to create successful demonstrations for Indian Independence. The nickname he was given was Punjab Kesari, which meant The Lion of Punjab. Lala Lajpat Rai was born in 1865 into an Aggarwal, or trader family. His birth took place at his mothers grand-parents home in a village called Dhudike in Ferozpur District, while his mother was visiting there. His father, Munshi Radha Krishna Azad, a religious and educated man, was at the time receiving education at Normal School, Delhi after serving as a teacher for three years. We will write a custom essay sample on Lala Lajpat Rai specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lala Lajpat Rai specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lala Lajpat Rai specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lalas mother, Shrimati Gulab Devi, a strict religious lady, tauhgt her children strong morals values. Lala received his education, until his Entrance Examination, in places where his father was assigned as a teacher. Lala joined the Government College in Lahore in 1880, to study Law. While in college, he came in contact with patriots and future freedom fighters like: Lala Hans Raj and Pandit Guru Dutt. The three became fast friends and joined the Arya Samaj, a hindu reform movement, founded by Swami Daya Nanda. Lala passed his Mukhtiarship, or junior pleader, examination and started his legal practice in Jagraon. He passed his Vakilship Examination in Second Division from Government College in 1885. He started his practice in Rohtak, but moved it to Hissar where some of his friends were also practicing the Law. Lalas early legal practice at Hissar was very successful. Besides practicing, Lala collected funds for the Daya Nand College, attended Arya Samaj functions and participated in some Congress activities. He was elected to the Hissar district as a member and later as secretary. Lala shifted to Lahore in 1892. Soon after settling in Lahore, the Arya Samaj suffered a vertical split into two partys, the College Party and the Gurukul Party. Lala supported the College Party which favored teaching English along with Sanskrit in schools, while the Gurukul Party wanted the exclusion of English from the curriculum. The Arya Samaj managed to maintain its unity owing to the efforts of Lala and many other experienced leaders who realized that a split would hurt the nation. Lala started the Anglo-Sanskrit High School at Jullundur and assumed the responsibility as the Secretary of the Management Committee. He was an advocate of self- reliance and refused to take Government aid for the D. A. V College. Lala also became the General Secretary of the first Hindu orphanage, established at Ferozepur by the Atya Samaj. Lala provided immense services toward the famine relief efforts during the famines of 1897 and 1899. He mobilized D. A. V. college students and went to Bikaner and other areas of Rajasthan to rescue poor children and bring them to Lahore. He believed that A nation that does not protect its own orphan children, cannot command respect at the hands of other people. When the people fleeing from the famine reached Lahore, they spent their first night at Lalas house. When the Kangra district of Punjab suffered destruction in the earthquake of 1905, Lala was there once again, organizing relief for extricating people from the debris. In 1898, Lala reduced the time he put into his legal practice, and vowed to devote all his energy to his nation. Lala was opposed to the recommendations of the University Education Commission. The commission, recommended Government control of education and set forth difficult standards for starting private schools. Punjab was adversely affected by the commission because the Arya Samaj was extremely ctive in the field of education. After the commission, it became impossible for the people to have any say in their childrens education. Lala declared that The Government, by these new regulations, has made it almost impossible for the Private Education Societies to start schools or improve them. People are compelled to conclude that the Government does not want to spend money for educational work, nor can they endure that I ndians should voluntarily undertake this work by spending money, unless the Indians hand over their money and efforts to the Government. It would have been impossible for institutions like the Metropolitan College, Calcutta College, Fergusson College, Poona and D. A. V. College to come into existence under the present policies. Lala dove headlong in the struggle against division of Bengal. Along with Surendra Nath Banerjea, Bipin Chandra Pal and Arvinda Ghosh, he aroused Bengal and the nation in a vigorous campaign of swadeshi. The British Government claimed that partition would make administering the region easier. The leaders saw through this excuse as the age old British policy of divide and rule at work. Lala was arrested on May 3, 1907 for creating turmoil in Rawalpindi. Lala went there when he learned that five prominent Indian lawyers had been served notices by the Deputy Commissioner. The District Magistrate banned any public meetings or speeches. Lala was to give a speech at Rawalpindi in connection with the served notices. The Magistrate declared the congregation that had come to hear Lalas speech seditious. When Lala could not stop their arrest, he returned to Lahore to move the Chief Court for the bail of the lawyers. The Government was informed that Lala was responsible for the uproar in Rawalpindi and was arrested. When he arrived at the Commissioners office, Lala was told that he was under arrest in pursuance of a warrant issued by the Governor General who had decided to deport him. At about 4 a. m. Lala was put on a special train that left for Calcutta. Lala reached the Diamond Harbor railway station and was put on a ship which sailed for Mandalay fort. Lala remained in Mandalay for six months. Lala was released on November 11, 1907. While in Manadalay, two British newspapers charged Lala of conspiring with the Amir of Kabul for overthrowing the British Raj in India. On his release Lala filed law suits against the newspapers for making false statements and won both cases. Fearing prosecution from the Government for having contacts with Lali, the College Party of Arya Samaj issued a statement which read that the D. A. V. College had no connections with Lala Lajpat Rai. Lala was deeply hurt by this statement but he continued to support the College and the Samaj from outside. Lala believed that it was important for the national cause to organize propaganda in foreign countries to explain Indias position because the freedom struggle had taken a militant turn. He left for Britain in April 1914 for this purpose. Lala wrote numerous articles and delivered many speeches. A couple of months later, World War I broke out between England and Germany and Lala was not allowed to return to India. Lala immediately made plans to go to U. S. A. to arouse more political support for Indias cause. He founded the Indian Home League Society of America and wrote a book called Young India with a preface written by Col. Wedgewood, a member of the British Parliament. The book constituted the most damaging parts of British rule in India. The book was banned in Britain and India even before it was published. While Lala was in America, the British press churned out propaganda against Lala, charging him with taking ten thousand dollars from Germany. Lalajwas able to return to India only after the war was over in February 1920. On his return, the Congress invited him to preside over the special session in Calcutta in 1920. Lala supported the non-cooperation movement, which was being launched in response to the Rowlatt (Black) Act. He was skeptical if such a mass boycott that was comprising educational institutions, jobs, law courts and foreign goods was truly achievable. Lala nevertheless exhorted the nation to answer the Congresss demand for complete non-cooperation. The Congress started the Tilak Swarajya Fund to raise more money for the effort. Lala collected nine thousand dollars within two weeks for the fund. Lala was arrested on December 3, 1921 in Lahore for his activities related to the non-cooperation movement and was imprisoned for a year and a half. The British began to employ the tried and tested Divide and Rule policy once again by harping on communal discord between Hindus and Muslims. Riots were justified by Muslim leaders as a fight for equal political rights if and when India became free. The Muslim leaders assured that the squabbles would stop if they were granted political rights according to their wishes. To cater to this request, the Congress appointed Lala and Dr. Ansari for bringing Hindu- Muslim unity. Chittranjan Das submitted his own proposal while Lala and Dr. Ansari were holding deliberations. C. R. Dass efforts failed to achieve their goal and Hindu-Muslim discord persisted. Gandhiji ended the non-cooperation movement when riots broke out at Bardoli. Lala diverted his attention again to social and educational projects. He reopened the Jagaraon High School and started a newspaper called People. He started the Lok Sewak Society, whose member toured from place to place and started new schools for the depressed classes. He donated a thousand dollars toward the construction of the Gulab Devi Memorial Hospital in memory of his deceased mother. Lala was disgusted at the arrogance of the British for sending the Simon Commission comprised of Britishers only. On February 16, 1927, Lala moved a resolution in the Central Legislative Assembly, refusing cooperation with the Simon Commission at any stage or in any form. He spoke with such emotion that he carried the house and got the resolution adopted in the Assembly. The Government imposed section 144 to restrain people from protesting against the commission. Lala joined a demonstration against the Simon Commission. The police lathi-charged the assembled (lath-charge is when they use a giant stick and thrust it into crowds violently only done in India). While L ala tried his best to keep the demonstration peaceful, the police targeted and wounded him in his chest. The people were enraged at this insult and held a meeting the same evening. Lala, though in intense pain, gave a speech and declared Every blow aimed at me is a nail in the coffin of British Imperialism. He recovered from the wounds left by the British but he remained emotionally scarred at the brutality of the civilized British. Why had he been specifically targeted by the British? Why had they lathi- charged against a peaceful gathering. These thoughts racked his spirit until the very end of his time. Lala died on November 17, 1928 of heart failure. Lala appealed to the people I do not know whether I shall remain, but you should never worry. My spirit after me will go on exhorting you to make more sacrifices for liberty. Lala was a brave feedom fighter who constantly put himself in harms way for others. He was an extrordinary leader and he fought hard and diligently, he backed down from no challenge. Lala Lajpat Rai is one of the greatest leders the world will ever know. Cite Page http://www. iloveindia. com/indian-heroes/lala-lajpat-rai. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai http://www. culturalindia. net/leaders/lala-lajpat-rai. html